Kto potrzebuje NIE?
Hiszpania issues an NIE to any foreigner with economic, professional or social interests there. That covers most reasons people deal with Hiszpania at all.
Buying, earning, owning or inheriting anything in Hiszpania means you'll be asked for an NIE. It is the number that identifies you to Spanish banks, notaries and the tax office.
Obywatele brytyjscy: since Brexit you are a third-country national in Hiszpania.
You need an NIE for the same reasons as before, but the forms and routes changed. Picking the right one matters more than it used to.
Najczęstsze powody
Each is a legitimate economic, professional or social reason, which is what Hiszpania asks you to demonstrate.
Buying property in Hiszpania
A notary won't complete the deed without an NIE for every buyer named on it. You'll need it again for the transfer tax and the non-resident return.
Zwykle akceptowany dowód
reservation contract, deposit contract (contrato de arras), or a letter from your estate agent or lawyer.
Selling property in Hiszpania
Sellers need one too — for the deed, and for the capital gains withholding that applies to non-resident sellers.
Zwykle akceptowany dowód
the title deed (escritura) or a letter from the lawyer handling the sale.
Otwarcie hiszpańskiego konta bankowego
Banks ask for an NIE on resident and most non-resident accounts. Where one can be opened without it, the first direct debit will stop you.
Zwykle akceptowany dowód
a letter or email from the bank confirming they need it.
Praca w Hiszpanii
Pracodawcy potrzebują go do ZUS-u hiszpańskiego i listy płac.
Moving to Hiszpania to live and work? The residency route usually applies instead — a consulate certificate is not valid for work.
Zwykle akceptowany dowód
a signed employment contract or job offer.
Założenie lub prowadzenie firmy
Company formation, going autónomo, signing a commercial lease or acting as a director all require one. So do non-resident shareholders.
Zwykle akceptowany dowód
notary appointment letter, draft company documents, or a lease agreement.
Kupno lub rejestracja pojazdu
Needed to register a car in your name, transfer ownership, insure it and pay road tax. Dealers ask for it before starting anything.
Zwykle akceptowany dowód
the sale contract or a letter from the dealer or gestoría.
Podatki, spadki i inwestycje
Non-resident property tax, Spanish investments and inherited assets all depend on it. Executors and beneficiaries each need their own.
Zwykle akceptowany dowód
a letter from your tax adviser, notary or the tax office.
Moving to Hiszpania
Relocating is different. Your NIE usually arrives through the residency application, or EU registration. We'll say so rather than sell you the wrong service.
Warto wiedzieć: EU citizens registering as residents are assigned an NIE as part of that registration.
Czy każdy w rodzinie potrzebuje własnego?
Każda osoba potrzebuje własnego. It can't be shared between spouses, and children named on a deed need one too.
For a minor, a parent or guardian applies, with the birth certificate and their own ID.
Czym NIE nie jest
- To nie jest prawo pobytu. Having an NIE gives you no right to live in Hiszpania.
- To nie jest wiza. Your right to enter Hiszpania depends on your nationality and, where relevant, your visa, not on your NIE.
- To nie jest TIE. That is the residence card for non-EU nationals granted residency. An NIE certificate does not make you resident.
- To nie jest dowód rezydencji podatkowej. O rezydencji podatkowej decyduje to, gdzie faktycznie mieszkasz i jak długo tam przebywasz.